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R. F. CAREY AND A. A. TODD.

A. s. WILLIAMS. EXECUTRIX OF A. A. TODD. DECD.

PUMP, MOTOR, OR LIKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23,19|3| I 1,325,434. lutentwl Dec. 1b, 1919.

5 SHEiYS SHEET 1- R. F. CAREY AND A. A. TODD.

A. B. WILLIAMS, EXECUTRIX or A. A. TODD, DECD.

PUMP, MOTOR, 0R LIKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATIONFILED JUNE 23,1913.

Patented Dec. 16,1919.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2 R. F. CAREY AND A. A. TODD.

A. B. WILLIAMS, EXECUTRIX OF A. A. TODD. DECD.

PUMP, MOTOR, 0R LIKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE-I23, I9I3- Patented Dec. 16,1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3 III! IILlIl/ll LIIIIIIIIIIIII I zflc reksks W R. F. CAREY AND A. A. TODD.

A. B. WILLIAMS, EXECUTRIX OF A. A. TODD, DECD.

PUMP, MOTOR, OR LIKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23. I913.

1,325,434. Patented Dec. 16, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- 500% agse r R. F. CAREY AND A. A. TODD.

A. B. WILLIAMS. EXECUTRIX OF A. A. TODD. DEC'D.

PUMP, MOTOR, 0R LIKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23. I913.-

1,325,4:34. Patented Dec. 16,1919.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

fiweze 50213 WZ /ass aoerfj'Carey 9992a -ew grodd X2 5 m M UNITED STATES PATENT omen.

ROBEB'1 FALKLAND CAREY, OF LEIGH-ON-SEA, AND ANDBEW.ALEXANDEB TODD, 01

LONDON, ENGLAND; ANNIE BLANCHE WILLIAMS EZEGUTBIX OI SAID ANDREW ALEXANDER TODD, DECEASED; ASSIGNORS TO VARIABLE PUMPS AND IO'I'OES LIII'IED, LONDON, ENGLAND.

PUMP, moron, on LIKE APPARATUS.

Application filed June 23, 1913. Serial No. 775,333.

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ROBERT FALKLAND CAREY and ANDREW ALEXANDER ToDD, subjects of the King of Great Britain, residing at Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, and London, England, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Connected with Pumps, Motors, or like Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is an improvement in connection with the construction of pumps, motors, or like apparatus for the purpose of reducing friction in a simple and economical manner, reducing the cost of pre duction of the apparatus, also the size and weight of same for a given power.

The invention is intended primarily to be used in connection with Water, oil, or other liquid medium, and is therefore described chiefly with reference thereto, but it is un derstood that the invention is also applicable to other fluid mediums such as air, gas, and steam.

The chief feature of the invention is the employment of a freely-rotatable sphere or spheres hereinafter called the ball or balls,

or it may be rollers of any desired construction or shapeas hereafter described working in a. cylinder or cylinders and acting as a piston or pistons and having a reciprocating motion. The ball (or in the case of more than one ball in one cylinder the outer ball) rolls on a suitably formed track to obtain the reciprocating motion, and the resulting pressure is taken Wholly or partly on the fluid, the ball having a sliding motion on the fluid which greatly reduces friction.

It will be seen that this construction is extremely simple, and the cost of produc tion would be comparatively small, as the balls may be ordinary standard hardened steel balls which are a well known market commodity and the use of these balls in connection with the track or tracks dispenses with any necessity for fitted pistons, gudgeon pins, connecting rods, etc.

The invention will be clearly understood from the following description aided by the annexed drawings which show examples of an apparatus in which the invention is embodi a Figure 1 is a cross section of cylinders Specification of Letters Intent.

Patented Dec. 16, 1919.

radially arranged at a tangent to the axis and having wlthl'n them a valve such as set forth in Unlted States Patent Number 1,081,810, December 16, 1913, the track being fixed and eccentric to the axis of the revo v ing cylinders to allow of the balls having a fixed stroke.

Fig. 2 1s a side sectional elevation of an apparatus, the cylinders, valve and track bemg a sectlon on the line a a of Fig. 1.

F 1g. 3 1s a similar view to Fig. 1 but with the eccentric track movable on its gudgeons to allow of a variable stroke or movement belng glven to the balls.

F1g. 4 is a longitudinal section of an apparatus 1n which two eccentric tracks and two r1ngs of cylinders are employed, each ring of cylinders being at an angle to the other and each opposite cylinder opening 1nto a single port or inlet.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 6 a section on the line b b of Fig. 5 of an apparatus 1n which the cylinders are arranged concentnc and parallel with the valve and are open at each end and contain two balls, the 1nlet from the valve being between the balls. In this construction the fluid or liquid acts upon each ball which rides upon a cam track which can be designed to give one, two or more strokes per revolution, and

the valve instead of having one web as in the previous figures is provided with anX shaped Web, see Flg. 6, and such valve has two inlets and two outlets so that the valve is double acting, that is to say each two opposite inlets act as either inlet or outlet ports and two strokes are obtained for each revolution of the cylinders.

F1g.-7 is a similar construction of apparatus to Figs. 5 and 6 except that we employ four balls in each cylinder for action as hereafter described, the double acting cam tracks 3 being positioned between guides on the cylinders.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 9 a section on the line a c of Fig. 8 of an a paratus similar to Fig. 1 but in which rollers are employed instead of balls, the rollers belng provided with pintles riding up and down in slots in the cylinder and revolving upon ring ledges of the frame of the machine such ring ledges being eccentric the same as the track so that the rollers are aleccentric track.

Where one ball or roller 4 only is used in cylinder 1 as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, or two separately acting balls as in Fig. 5,

the limit of. its stroke must be less than half the diameter of the ball, or roller, as it is obvious the center of the ball or roller 4 forms the joint, and not more than slightly less than half the diameter of the ball can project beyond the working cylinder 1 to act against orbe acted upon by the track 3.

In the case of a longer stroke being required, two or more ba ls as in Fig. 7 may be used behind each other, the outer ball or balls being housed between guides 7 on each side of the balls. These ides may be formed as an extension o the cylinder proper, the actuatingtrack 3 which gives the reciprocating motion being placed in the space between the said guides. The ball farthest from the track 3 forms the piston and never leaves the cylinder proper, and the center of this ball never reaches the actual end of the cylinder, so that the joint is thus maintained, the length of the stroke being regulated by the number of balls to extent desired. n the case of a number of balls or rollers being used the ball in contact with the .track will roll on the track and this rolling motion will be transmitted from one ball or roller to the other so that all the balls or rollers revolve, and the resultant pressure is taken on the fluid through or on the piston ball or roller, so that the major portion of the sliding friction comes on the fluid.

'With any machine such as a pump, or

, motorwhich may be driven ineither direction and reversed at will,'the' track 3 giving the reciprocating motion to the balls or rollers will be at an angle to the cylinders 1, that is to say the angle of thrust between the ball 4 and the track 3 is not truly along the line of the axis of the cylinder, see Fig. 1, so that a certain amount of sliding friction occurs in consequence between the ball or balls and the side of the cylinder..

In the case of a motor or pump which is required to run in one direction only, or as in the case of a motor driving a vehicle through a liquid transmission gear preferaibly oil being used, the motor Would be mostly running in one direction and would be only occasionally reversed, when efliciency on the reverse would not be the primary object; we may then in order to obtain maximum efliciency in the forward direction the track in one direction at a right angle if possible, or as near as can be obtained to such an angle, so that the resultingpressure is transmitted along the direction of or as nearly as possible along the line of the axis of the cylinder, in order to minimize friction between the ball and the side of the cylinder and guides.

In Fig. 1 'anar'rangement of this kind is shown. bored to the center are bored in such a manner that the resultant pressure is taken as near as possible along the axis of the cylinder. This can also be done with any construction, the cylinders being bored to any suitable angle in regard to the angle of the track in one direction of rotation.

For the purposeof balancing the strains and thrusts we prefer to arrange the cylinders in pairs in such a manner that the thrust in one cylinder is counterbalanced by the thrust in the other as will be understood from Fig. 6. p

A point of importance is keeping the balls in contact with the working face of the op erating track. In the caseof a motor of fixed capacity this is automatically accomplished as when pressure is forcing the balls against the track the balls are held in posi- .tion and when exhausting, the balls, having to expel the fluid, the reaction holds them also against the track. In the case of a pump, conditions are different, as when on the suction stroke the balls will tend to leave the track owing to the pressure exerted by the atmosphere. To obviate this, springs may be used behind the balls to keep them in contact with the track, but in some cases this would necessitate strong springs which would be objectionable owing to the extra friction that would be introduced. The requisite effect is produced on the rollers by the employment of the rings 10. a

Another means of obtaining this result would be by having the suction tank at such a height to givesufficient pressure to insure the balls or rollers being held up to the track, or pressure may be produced behind the balls by a small auxiliary pump.

Should it be inconvenient to have a tank at the required height other means of producing the required pressure on the suction stroke may be employed. For instance, in a closed system such as a hydraulic transmission system a mercury seal may be usedto Another method, and one which we prefer, we will now describe in connection with a pump which latter we also describe.

The pump may be of the rotary form, either having radial cylinders, or cylinders, parallel or approximately so, to the axis of rotation. In both cases the centrifugal force helps to keep the balls in their proper position providing the track is situated outside the cylinders. The form we prefer however is the second where a number of cylinders are positioned preferably in a circle around the axis of rotation and parallel thereto or approximately so.

The cylinders are preferably formed by boring into a solid drum of metal and are arranged in pairs so that the strains are balanced. Each cylinder is fitted with a ball piston; the pistons act upon tracks fixed to the covers ofthe pump casing, said covers also forming bearings for the rotating parts. The cylinder drum is preferably the rotor, and through its center passes a central valve having ports and passages, which valve may be movable, should it be desired to vary the capacity or reverse the direction of the flow of liquid, or may be fixed in a definite position if the pump is to be of fixed capacity. The outer casing of the pump is formed as a chamber which contains the cylinder drum and is preferably filled with the liquid.

This chamber may be connected to a small tank or expansion vessel by means of a passage containing a non-return valve which allows fluid to pass from the casing to such vessel, but will not allow of its return; this arrangement will allow escape for any leakage that may occur past the pistons and render it impossible for any increase of pressure to take place in the outer casing, and at the same time should a vacuum or partial vacuum occur in the cylinders, the fluid cannot be forced back by the atmospheric pressure and thus force the pistons away from the track, owing to the action of the non-return valve. It would be possible with this arrangement for a vacuum to be formed in the outer casing should the temperature of the liquid fall owing to contraction.

To prevent air creeping into the casing in this vent an annular recess may be formed in the casing between the chamber and the stuffing box, the latter being placed in one of the covers for the passage of the shaft which drives the cylinder drum, and this recess may be connected by a passage to the small tank or expansion vessel so preventing air from entering the chamber.

\Vhen rollers are employed instead of balls they may be of ordinary shape with a parallel working face fitted in square or oblong recesses in or forming the cylinder, or such rollers may be povided with pintles 8 passing though slots 9 cut in the cylinder walls and engaging turned in walls of the track so as to prevent them through any possible means being forced away from the track.

. This turned in portion of the track may be replaced by means of rings 10 which definitely hold the rollers 4 by means of the pintles up to the track, such rings being concentric with the track.

The rollers may be of other shape, such as double conical, oval, or other suitable shape, the cylinders being constructed accordingly.

'What we do claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A hydraulic pump, motor or like apparatus of the rotary type having a circula series of cylinders cooperating with a valve having one inlet and one exhaust opening,

a freely-rolling piston arranged for recipro cation in each cylinder, and an adjustablymounted track on which said pi'stons roll.

2. A hydraulicpump, motor of like apparatus of the rotary type having a circular series of cylinders, a freely rolling piston arranged for reciprocation in each cyllnder, a track on which said pistons roll, said track being adjustable to. vary the strokes of the pistons in their respective cylinders, and a fluid-controlling valve encircled by said series of cylinders.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses:

FRED L. HUTCHIN, Jr., I. M. DE nos Rios. 

